Suchergebnisse

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra (KMAO) is the North's most industrially developed region and the key supplier of the oil and gas resources. Moreover, it is the historical homeland of the small indigenous peoples of the North (SIP). The problem of saving the KMAO's traditional economy is relevant to other North regions, too. The paper analyses the evolutionary changes in the traditional nature management on the developed territories. Additionally, it establishes the methodological tools to substantiate the possibility of the SIP's entrepreneurial activity and its main directions. We hypothesised that the traditional nature management, which determines the necessity of the entrepreneurial activity's development, is volatile. We revealed the reason for the fisheries' low profitability in the traditional economy and proposed the ways of increasing the eficiency of the traditional sector's enterprises. Furthermore, we demonstrated the role of the state and corporate structures in supporting traditional industries and traditional ways of the SIP's living. An analysis of the development of the traditional nature management in the historical perspective has revealed the instability of this kind of activity of indigenous ethnic groups. The instability is caused by several threats of political, socio-economic, environmental, institutional, demographic nature. We demonstrated the specificity of the modern state of traditional nature management in the territories of active industrial and transport development. Traditional nature management involves reindeer herding, hunting, fishing and collecting the wild crop. Furthermore, we considered the forms of organizing the enterprises of traditional nature management. These forms include communities with the stable legal status, non-profit enterprises, limited liability companies, reindeer herding companies, trading posts. We formulated the reasons for the strengthening of the ecological threat, caused by the expansion of the areas transferred to the oil companies for long-term lease, which negatively impacts the environment in these territories. We suggested the methodological tools for substantiating the possibility for the entrepreneurial activity of indigenous ethnic groups. We have depicted them in the form of algorithm of the wild crops' harvesting and processing in the territory of Russkinskaya settlement that belongs to Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. © 2019 Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. ; Проанализированы эволюционные изменения в традиционном природопользовании на осваиваемых территориях Севера. Вскрыты причины низкой рентабельности промысловых отраслей традиционного хозяйствования. Обоснованы направления повышения эффективности работы предприятий традиционного сектора. Показана роль государственных и корпоративных структур в поддержке традиционных отраслей и традиционного образа жизни коренного населения. Предложены методический инструментарий обоснования возможности предпринимательской деятельности коренных этносов и его схематичное отображение в виде алгоритма, реализованного для условий заготовки и переработки дикоросов на территории Ханты-Мансийского автономного округа. ; The article has been prepared with the support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research. 18-010-00626 Conceptual provisions for the development of the branches of the traditional nature management and indigenous ethnic groups within intensively developed

The regions of the Russian North occupy 70 % of the territory of the country. These areas considerably differ in the level of socio-economic development. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (KhMAO) ' Yugra is the most developed industrial region of the Russian North. KhMAO is also the main supplier of oil and gas resources. Thus, KhMAO is the focus of the research. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate how the traditional natural resource management transforms on the developing territories and to assess its impact on the lifehoods of the Small Indigenous Peoples of the North (SIPN). The study is based on the hypothesis of the negative impact of industrial development on the territory of the traditional residence of SIPN and, accordingly, on their social and economic development and the quality of life. We have found certain intraregional distinctions of this territorial subject of the Federation. These differences are caused by the features of natural and resource potential, transport security and geographical location. It is true for both the separate municipal entities and larger territorial and administrative sub-regions. We have identified the most acute problems in the development of traditional natural resource management on the territories of active industrial and transport development. The main industries there are reindeer breeding and fishery. We also identified the problem of the northern legislation set up to protect the rights of SIPN. The paper considers the evolutionary changes in the formation of the institution of ancestral domains and the territories of traditional natural resource management, as well as the practice of coordinating the interests of subsoil users and SIPN's representatives with the help of economic agreements. We have demonstrated the problem associated with the difficulties of social adaptation of SIPN. We have analyzed the ecological situation and current state of traditional environmental management to compare the conditions of municipal entities of the region. Using ethnic social and ecosystem approach, we have evaluated the lifehoods of SIPN in the developed and poorly developed regions of KhMAO. The results of the assessment support the hypothesis of the research. The findings of the research can be used when working out on the roadmap of the development of traditional industries and SIPN in the municipal districts of various development level. © 2018 Economy of Region. All rights reserved. ; Дана оценка трансформации традиционного природопользования на осваиваемых территориях Севера. Выявлены проблемы развития традиционного природопользования на территориях активного промышленного и транспортного освоения, в том числе проблемы северного законодательства, призванного защищать права коренных малочисленных народов Севера. Рассмотрены эволюционные изменения в формировании института родовых угодий и территорий традиционного природопользования. Отражена проблемная ситуация, связанная с затруднениями социальной адаптации коренных малочисленных народов Севера. ; The article has been supported by the Grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research Concepts for the development of the industries of traditional environmental management and indigenous ethnic groups within intensively developed and undeveloped regio